In documents submitted to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York on April 5, the Blockchain Association, Coin Center, and DeFi Education Fund contended that Tornado Cash was not in possession of the funds or communications transmitted by users through the cryptocurrency mixer. The advocacy organizations also asserted that the three criminal charges against Roman should be dropped, citing First Amendment concerns related to allegations that the Tornado Cash co-founder violated sanctions and the U.S. government’s supposed lack of understanding regarding the fundamental connection between smart contract protocols and their developers in relation to money laundering accusations.